The Three New Laws
From July 1, 2024, India's criminal justice system underwent its most significant overhaul since independence. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces the Indian Penal Code, 1860. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Key Changes in BNS
The BNS retains most IPC provisions but introduces organised crime and terrorism as separate offences. Sedition (Section 124A IPC) has been replaced by a more specific provision on acts endangering sovereignty.
Practical Impact for Practitioners
FIRs filed after July 1, 2024 will reference BNS sections. Cases filed before that date continue under IPC. This creates a transitional complexity lawyers must navigate carefully.