Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under state.

2) No citizen shall, on ground religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against

Exceptions :

1)Nothing in this Article shall prevent state or from making any class or classes of employment or appointment to office under government within territory of state or union territory.

2)Enables the state to make provisions for reservation of posts in government jobs in favor of Backward classes, which are not adequately represented.

3)Enable for promotion of SC/ST, in opinion of state.

4) Nothing shall prevent state making any days / classes in unfilled vacancies

5) Nothing shall affect any incumbent office in connection with the affairs of any religious body or denominational institute.

6) Nothing shall prevent state making any days / classes in unfilled vacancies for economically weaker sections.

In case Randhir singh vs UOI ,Supreme Court held equal pay for equal work, can enforce in cases pay based on irrational classification.

Carry forward rule established In the case of Devadasan vs UOI, unfilled seats of SC/ST treated as Unreserved & filled by Unreserved candidate.But, the seats unfilled will be added to Next year that is carry forward.

But, In Indra Sawhney case, it is valid till 50% and does not exceed 50% of vacancies.